Disappearances and Murders of Indigenous Women and Girls Amount to 'Canadian Genocide,' National Inquiry Finds

The Canadian government’s National Inquiry into Missing and Murdered Indigenous Women and Girls concluded in a final report published Monday that “this violence amounts to a race-based genocide of Indigenous Peoples.”

The Indigenous Peoples referred to in the report include First Nations, Inuit, and Métis—with a specific focus on women, girls, and 2SLGBTQQIA people, which stands for Two-Spirit, lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, queer, questioning, intersex, and asexual.

The report—entitled Reclaiming Power and Place—was unveiled at a Monday morning ceremony at the Canadian Museum of History in Gatineau, Quebec, but several news agencies published details from a leaked copy over the weekend. The inquiry also released a supplementary report (pdf) about the province of Quebec.

Based on testimonies from more than 2,380 people—including family members and survivors of violence as well as frontline workers, expert witnesses, officials, elders, and knowledge keepers—the report states:

The report explains that “this genocide has been empowered by colonial structures, evidenced notably by the Indian Act, the Sixties Scoop, residential schools, and breaches of human and Inuit, Métis, and First Nations rights, leading directly to the current increased rates of violence, death, and suicide in the Indigenous populations.”

The New York Times, which reported on the inquiry’s findings Sunday, noted that based on government statistics, “Indigenous women and girls make up about 4 percent of Canada’s females but 16 percent of the females killed.” Government data also shows “some 1,181 Indigenous women were killed or disappeared across the country from 1980 to 2012,” but the report points out that official counts represent only a portion of the victims of the “Canadian genocide.”

Thousands of deaths and disappearances “have likely gone unrecorded over the decades,” the report says. “Despite the national inquiry’s best efforts to gather all of the truths relating to the missing and murdered, we conclude that no one knows an exact number of missing and murdered Indigenous women, girls, and 2SLGBTQQIA people in Canada… Without a doubt there are many more.”

Part of the under-counting problem, according to the report, stems from “police apathy” in cases involving Indigenous Peoples, which “often takes the form of stereotyping and victim-blaming, such as when police describe missing loved ones as ‘drunks,’ ‘runaways out partying,’ or ‘prostitutes unworthy of follow-up.'”

Additionally, First Nations police services often lack sufficient equipment and resources to conduct proper investigations—and “beyond the investigative process, families often found the court process inadequate, unjust, and retraumatizing.”